Inventory Management in Production

Veliku ulogu u poslovanju poduzeća ima način na koji se upravlja zalihama. Zalihe bi trebale biti što manje, ali uvijek dovoljne za podmirivanje potreba kupaca, potrošača, korisnika. Premale količine zaliha donose mnoge probleme i štetne posljedice u proizvodnji, trgovini i distribuciji. S druge strane, prevelike količine zaliha uvjetuju neopravdano visoke troškove držanja zaliha. Modeli za određivanje optimalne količine zaliha su: ABC analiza, XYZ analiza, te Unakrsna ABC i XYZ analiza. Modele upravljanja zalihama dijelimo na tradicionalne i suvremene modele. Tradicionalni modeli su EOQ , model ekonomične količine narudžbe, sustav kontinuiranog nadzora i sustav periodičkog nadzora. U suvremene modele upravljanja zalihama uključujemo: sustav planiranja potreba za materijalom (MRP I), sustav planiranja potreba za resursom (MRP II), model planiranja resursa distribucije (DRP), model planiranja resursa poduzeća (ERP), te Just in time (JIT) sustav. Tradicionalni modeli su najstariji i najjednostavniji modeli upravljanja zalihama, te se na njih nadovezuju suvremeni modeli upravljanja zalihama. Razvojem informacijskih tehnologija dolazi do većeg učinka preciznosti predviđanja ponašanja potražnje i promjena na tržištu.A major role in business operations is the way in which supplies are managed. Supplies should be as small as possible, but always enough to meet the needs of customers, consumers and users. Poor quantities of inventories bring many problems and adverse effects on production, trade and distribution. On the other hand, too much supplies of inventories causes unreasonably high costs of stockholding. Models for determining the optimal supplies quantity are: ABC analysis, XYZ analysis, and Cross ABC and XYZ analysis. Inventory management models are divided into traditional and contemporary models. Traditional models include EOQ, economical order quantity model, continuous monitoring system and periodic monitoring system. In today's inventory management models we include: the Material Requirements Planning System (MRP I), the Resource Need Planning System (MRP II), the Distribution Resource Planning Model (DRP), Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), and Just in Time (JIT) System. Traditional models are the oldest and simplest inventory management models, and are complemented by modern inventory management models. With the development of information technology, the impact of precision forecasting of demand behavior and market changes is more efficient