Urinary tract infections in children

„Upala mokraćnih putova znači prisutnost značajnog broja bakterija u urinu.“ (2) Mogu je uzrokovati bakterije, virusi, gljivice i mikoplazme. (2) Najčešće su uzrokovane bakterijama i to Gram – negativnim.(3) Uroinfekcije u dječjoj dobi se javljaju tri puta češće kod djevojčica, nego kod dječaka. Za to je zaslužna anatomija urinarnog sustava. Naime, uretra je kod djevojčica ravna, kraća je i šira pa bakterije lakše prodru u mokraćni sustav.(6) Uroinfekcije najčešće nastaju upravo tako, ascedentnim putem od uretre prema ostalim dijelovima urotrakta. (3) Razni faktori mogu pogodovati infekciji mokraćnog sustava, a najčešći je vezikoureteralni refluks. (3) Kod anomalija mokraćnog sustava ključno je upravo to što se u mokraćnom mjehuru nalazi rezidualni urin, što pogoduje razmnožavanju bakterija. (7) Ipak postoje obrambeni mehanizmi koji štite mokraćni sustav od nastanka uroinfekcija. (5) Također je vrlo velika uloga medicinske sestre u edukaciji roditelja i djece kako bi se prevenirao nastanak uroinfekcija kod djece, jer je poznato da je nepravilna higijena jedan od čimbenika rizika za pojavu uroinfekcija. (5) Načini liječenja su različiti i nekada je uz antimikrobnu terapiju nužno i kirurško liječenje, na primjer kod malformacija mokraćnog sustava. (7) Budući da literatura govori u prilog znatno češćoj pojavi uroinfekcija kod djevojčica, to je u ovom radu još jednom potvrđeno obradom podataka o pojavnosti uroinfekcija u dječjoj dobi u Općoj bolnici Zadar 2015. godine."Inflammation of the urinary tract means the presence of a significant number of bacteria in the urine." (2) May be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and mycoplasmas. (2) Most commonly, they are caused by Gram – negative bacteria. (3) Childhood urinary tract infections occur three times more often in girls than in boys. This is due to the anatomy of the urinary system. That is because the urethra is flat in the girl, shorter and wider, and bacteria are more easily penetrated into the urinary system. (6) Urinary infections are most commonly caused by the ascedent way from the urethra to other parts of the urinary tract. (3) Various factors may be favorable for urinary tract infection, and the most common is vesicoureteral reflux. (3) In anomalies of the urinary system, it is essential that there is a residual urine in the urinary bladder, which favors bacterial proliferation. (7) There are, however, protective mechanisms that protect the urinary system from uroinfection. (5) It is also very important for nurses to educate parents and children to prevent the occurrence of urinary tract infections in children, as it is known that improper hygiene is one of the risk factors for uroinfection. (5) Treatments are different and sometimes with antimicrobial therapy is necessary surgical treatment, for example in urinary tract malformations. (7) Since the literature suggests a much more frequent appearance of urinary infections in girls, this work confirmed that once again has by processing data on the occurrence of uroinfection in children at the Opća bolnica Zadar in 2015