Current ecological problems of maricultural cultivation in Croatia

Diljem se svijeta još od davnina kao naizraženiji problem bilježi nedostatak hrane. Rješenje situacije u kojoj potrebe ljudi za hranom ne mogu biti zadovoljene iz prirodnih izvora nalazi se u uzgoju vodenih organizama, posebice morskih, s obzirom da pojedine kulture svoju prehranu u velikom dijelu temelje na morskim organizmima. Upravo zato nije iznenađujuće da je pojava akvakulturne djelatnosti prvenstveno zabilježena u Kini, zahvaćajući potom i područje Mediterana, Engleske i Amerike. Nakon svijeta, pojava akvakulture bilježi se i na području Hrvatske, gdje danas zajedno sa marikulturom kao sastavnim dijelom čini sektor proizvodnje koji posljednjih godina bilježi najbrži rast. Kao i prije tisuću godina, glavni se fokus stavlja na uzgoj školjaka, osobito kamenica i dagnji, a duga tradicija uzgoja riba danas je vezana uz vrste poput lubina, komarče pica te tune. Za njihov razvoj i opstanak nužni su određeni uvjeti, kao i poznavanje biologije uzgajanih vrsta čime se barem približno osiguravaju uvjeti koji vladaju u njihovim prirodnim staništima. U slučaju neodgovornog upravljanja uzgojem, može doći do brojnih negativnih učinaka na okoliš, ali i na same vrste. Izbjegavanje takvih učinaka, između ostalog doprinosi i daljnjem razvoju marikulture, pri čemu se naglasak stavlja na ekološku marikulturu i važnost da se buduće generacije ne ograniče u uživaju u istim uzgojenim dobrima u kojima uživaju i sadašnje generacije.Ever since ancient times, the world's most evident problem has been the lack of food. The solution to the situation where people's needs for food can not be met by natural sources is found in aquatic organisms, especially marine ones, considering that some cultures have their diet largely based on marine organisms. That is why it is not surprising that the phenomenon of aquaculture activity was first noted in China, affecting then the area of the Mediterranean, England and America. After the appearance in the world, the phenomenon of aquaculture is also noted on the Croatian territory, where today, together with mariculture as its integral part makes manufacturing sector that has recorded the fastest growth in recent years. Like a thousand years ago, the main focus is on the cultivation of shellfish, especially oysters and mussels, and the long tradition of fish farming is nowadays related to species such as sea bass, gilthead sea bream and bluefin tuna. For their development and survival, certain conditions, as well as the knowledge of biology of breeding species, are required in order to provide nearly the same conditions as in their natural habitats. In the case of irresponsible farming management, there may be many negative effects on the environment, but also on species. Avoiding such effects, among other positive things, contributes to the further development of mariculture, with an emphasis on ecological mariculture and the importance of ensuring that the future generations are not limited to enjoy the same cultivated goods enjoyed by the current generations