Graphic techniques in primary education

Proučavanjem literature iz stručnih knjiga i korištenjem Interneta u radu je prikazana kratka povijest grafike i razvoj grafičkih tehnika te umjetnika koji su doprinijeli tome. Kroz rad je istaknuta važnost i korisnosti grafičkih tehnika, njene specifičnosti u osnovnoj školi te su istaknute neprimjerene i primjerene grafičke tehnike za rad u razrednoj nastavi, odnosno u primarnom obrazovanju. Učitelji/ice bi trebali/le upoznavati djecu i spoznavati njihove mogućnosti likovnog izraza s obzirom na dob te kroz satove likovne kulture poticati i razvijati stvaralaštvo. Praktični dio obuhvaća istraživanje uspješnosti tehničke izvedbe i složenosti kompozicije dječjih radova s obzirom na dob. Istraživanje sam provela kroz nastavne sate likovne kulture, a cilj je bio istražiti hoće li učenici prvog i drugog razreda biti kreativniji u stvaranju složene kompozicije radova od učenika trećeg i četvrtog razreda, te hoće li učenici trećeg i četvrtog razreda biti uspješniji u tehničkoj izvedbi od prvog i drugog razreda. Rezultati istraživanja učeničkih likovnih radova, prikazani kroz isti motiv u svim razredima, pokazali su razlike u uspješnosti s obzirom na dob. Svojom prisutnošću na održanim satovima likovne kulture i promatrajući radove primijetila sam da su učenici prvog i drugog razreda imali mnogo više zamisli koje su željeli prikazati u radu, dok su učenici trećeg i četvrtog razreda bili nesigurni ˝kako smiju, a kako ne smiju˝ prikazati zadani motiv. No, s druge strane, učenici trećeg i četvrtog razreda nisu imali problema s tehničkom izvedbom, dok su prvi i drugi razreda zbog neiskustva i nespretnosti imali su manjih poteškoća. Opća analiza likovne uspješnosti dječjih radova, pokazala je da su učenici prvog i drugog razreda kreativniji u stvaranju složene kompozicije od trećeg i četvrtog razreda, no učenici trećeg i četvrtog razreda su bolji u tehničkoj izvedbi od učenika prvog i drugog razreda osnovne škole.By studying literature from professional books and using the Internet, the paper presents a short history of graphics and the development of graphic techniques and the artists who contributed to it. Throughout the paper, the importance and usefulness of graphic techniques, its specifics in elementary school, and the inappropriate and appropriate graphic techniques for classroom and primary education have been highlighted. Teachers should learn about children and recognize their artistic expression in terms of age and through art classes they should stimulate and develop creativity. The practical part covers the research of the success of the technical performance and the complexity of the composition of children's works with consideration with their age.The research was conducted through art classroom lessons, and the aim was to explore whether 1st and 2nd grade students will be more creative in creating a complex composition of works from third and fourth grade students and whether 3rd and 4th grade students will be more successful in technical performance than the first and second grade students. The results of the study of student's artworks, shown through the same motif in all classes, showed differences in age-related performance. With author's presence in the classroom lessons of visual art and observing the works, author has noticed that the students of the first and second grade had many more ideas they wanted to present in the work while third and fourth grade students were uncertain as to how can they and how can they not present the default motif.But on the other hand, third and fourth grade students did not have any technical performance problems, while the first and second classes had little difficulty with technical performance because of their inexperience and clumsiness. The general analysis of the artistic performance of children's works showed that first and second grade students were more creative in creating a complex composition than the third and fourth grade, but third and fourth grade students were better in technical performance than the first and second grade pupils