Bronze age metal findings in Istria

Tema rada Brončanodobni metalni nalazi u Istri Istri zahtijeva sustavni pristup, pa je ova radnja podijeljena na dva dijela. Metalni nalazi iz ranog i srednjeg brončanog doba obrađeni su u istoj cjelini jer su se ova dva razdoblja dogodila u Istri u neprekidnom kulturnom kontinuitetu. Metalni nalazi iz kasnog brončanog doba obrađuju se odvojeno jer predstavljaju novost u smislu materijalnog, etničkog i kulturnog, tj. duhovnog značenja. Kasno brončano doba nas je obdarilo sa mnogo više tipova nalaza, uključujući i njihove kontekste pronalaska. Brončano doba je razdoblje društvenih i materijalnih promjena koje su već počele u bakrenom dobu. Kositar se počeo dodavati u bakar, čime se proizvodila broncu koja je bila jača, čvršća, a još više podesiva i pogodna za proizvodnju raznih metalnih predmeta. Kositar izvezen iz Velike Britanije i Iberije u brončanom dobu transportiran je morem, riječnim i kopnenim putevima na velike udaljenosti diljem Europe. Za sada postoji samo nekoliko dokumentiranih metalnih nalaza iz ranog i srednjeg brončanog doba, tipološki klasificiranog pod kontinentalnom europskom i egejskom kulturnom sferom. Kasno brončano doba sadrži veći broj nalaza, što se prije svega može vidjeti u dosadanim dokazima nakita, tipološki različitijih od onih ranijih faza.The topic of Bronze Age metal findings in Istria requires a systematic approach, therefore this thesis is divided into two parts, “Early and Middle Bronze Age metal findings” and “Late Bronze Age metal findings.” Metal findings fromthe Early and Middle Bronze Age are covered in the same part since these two periods occurred in Istria intemporal and cultural continuity. Metal findings from the Late Bronze Age are handled separately because they represent a novelty in terms of material, ethnic and cultural, i.e. spiritual sense. Metal findings from the Early and Middle Bronze Age in Istria were mostly discovered on the Monkodonja Hill Fort and tumuli such as Maklavun and Mušego. The materials are mainly typologically identical in both Early and Middle Bronze Age, and only C14 analysis, ceramic grave goods and analogies to neighboring areas allow us to determine which stagethey belong to. Late Bronze Age endowed us with a far more abundant repertoire of findings, including their contexts. The Bronze Age is a period of social and material changes which had already begun in the Copper Age. Tin began to be added to copper, thereby producing bronze which was stronger, firmer, and yet more malleable and fit for the production of various metal objects. Tin exported from Britain and Iberia in the Bronze Age was transported via sea, river and land routes to great distances all over Europe. For the time being, there exist only a few documented metal findings from both Early and Middle Bronze Age, typologically classified under the continental-Europe and Aegean cultural spheres. Late Bronze Age contains a more plentiful number of findings, which can first of all be seen in the jewelry findings documented until now, typologically more diverse than those of earlier stages