Philosophical reflection of genesis and manifestation of multiculturalism

Ovaj rad će se baviti nastankom i manifestacijom multikulturalizma. U prvom dijelu, fokus je na vrlinama na koje se oslanjaju određene političke ideologije, odnosno, na kojima se gradi društveno-političko uređenje zajednice. Koncept „tolerancije“ se izdvojio kao vodeći u razmatranju politika novijeg doba. Naglasak u drugom dijelu je na filozofskom promišljanju teorije pravednosti. Koncepti pravednosti i jednakopravnosti otvaraju temu ljudskih prava i univerzalnih zakona koja bi trebala vrijediti za sve ljude bez obzira na rasu, spol, jezik, nacionalnost, religiju i mnoga druga obilježja koja ocrtavaju identitet pojedinaca. Globalizacija, tehnološki napredak i povećane migracije uzrok su sve većeg susreta kultura, jezika, običaja, religija, itd. čime se otvorila mogućnost ideji multikulturalizma. Treći dio se bavi idejom multikulturalizma koja je nastala kao dominantna politika dvadesetog stoljeća, a pokazalo se da ima svoje pozitivne i negativne strane. Naposljetku, to je dovelo do jačanja kulturnog relativizma koji je tema zadnjeg dijela rada.The focus of this paper will be placed on the formation and manifestation of multiculturalism. The first part discusses the virtues which are the foundation of certain political ideologies, i.e. according to which a socio-political organization is formed in the community. The concept of tolerance has been singled out as crucial in the observation of recent policies. The emphasis in the second part is on philosophical reflection of a theory of justice. The concepts of justice and equality lead to the issue of human rights and universal law which are supposed to be applicable to all people regardless of race, sex, language, nationality, religion and many other features that delineate the identity of individuals. Globalization, technological progress and increased migration are causes of ever-increasing clashes of cultures, languages, customs, religions, etc., which opened the possibility to the idea of multiculturalism. The third part considers the idea of multiculturalism that has emerged as a prevailing politics of the twentieth century, and has been shown to have its positive and negative aspects. Finally, this led to the strengthening of cultural relativism, which will be discussed in the last part of the paper