In this thesis, we study several mathematical finance problems, related to the pricing of derivatives. Using different asymptotic approaches, we develop methods to calculate accurate approximations of the prices of certain types of options in cases where no explicit formulas are available.In the first chapter, we are interested in the pricing of path-dependent options, with Monte-Carlo methods, when the underlying is modelled as an affine stochastic volatility model. We prove a long-time trajectorial large deviations principle. We then combine it with Varadhan’s Lemma to calculate an asymptotically optimal measure change, that allows to reduce significantly the variance of the Monte-Carlo estimator of option prices.The second chapter consid...