International audienceIn France, as in most developed nations, the under-representation of women in the sciences is a major obstacle to achieving equality in the workplace. Since 2014, the For Girls in Science awareness programme run by Fondation L’Oréal has offered onehour classroom talks by young women with a science background (women working for the L’Oréal group and young researchers). These talks aim to combat the stereotypes associated with science-related careers and with women’s role in the sciences, in order to make science more attractive to young women. Using a random assignment evaluation protocol on nearly 20,000 pupils in seconde (Year 11) and terminale scientifique (Year 13) year groups at French high schools in 2015-2016, we...