DOMESTIC VIOLENCE THROUGH THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA ANDHERZEGOVINA

U Bosni i Hercegovini zbog tradicionalne ukorijenjenosti rodnih stereotipa u socijalnoj i kulturnoj strukturi, bosanskohercegovačko društvo percipira nasilje u porodici kao vaspitnu mjeru i stvar privatnog života. Problem nasilja u porodici se na taj način regeneriše i nastavlja uslijed poricanja i šutnje većine članova društva, ali i nesistematičnog i nedosljednog pristupa ovom problemu relevantnih državnih institucija. Jedan od ključnih problema je i nedostatak sistematično prikupljenih i dostupnih podataka o broju slučajeva nasilja u porodici, koji bi potom poslužili u svrhu podizanja svijesti javnosti i državnih organa o ovom problemu i potrebi njegovog urgentnog rješavanja. Bez obzira na relativno zadovoljavajući pravni okvir u Bosni i Hercegovini, nedostatak adekvatne primjene u praksi onemogućava efikasnu zaštitu i ne pruža sigurnost oštećenim stranama, odnosno žrtvama nasilja u porodici. Zbog tih razloga postoji određeni nivo manjka povjerenja u rad nadležnih zaštitnih mehanizama, zbog čega se veliki broj žrtava nasilja ustručava od prijavljivanja akta nasilja nad njima. Nemali broj žrtava koje prijave nasilje u velikom broju koriste svoje pravo da ne svjedoče protiv počinitelja, čime se stvara začarani krug nasilja. Tokom istraživanja obrađeni su i pravni aspekti nasilja u porodici u pogledu pozitivnog prava, odnosno zakona te konvencija koje je ratificirala Bosna i Hercegovina na čelu s Istanbulskom konvencijom. Države potpisnice Konvencije se obavezuju na sprovođenje njenih odredaba, što u nekim slučajevima iziskuje donošenje novih zakona i odredaba u već postojeće zakone u datoj državi. Shodno rezultatima istraživanja koje je urađeno u sklopu rada, najveći problem nasilja u porodici jeste neprijavljivanje nasilja od strane žrtve nasilja, te neadekvatan odgovor nadležnih institucija na potrebe žrtve nasilja. Neophodno je ukazati na uočene nedostatke kako bismo doprinijeli prevenciji stvaranja “začaranog kruga” gdje društvo nije pravovremeno i adekvatno pomoglo žrtvi nasilja. Stoga postoji mogućnost da žrtva postane zlostavljač, odnosno počinioc nasilja može razviti stav da je nasilje prihvatljivo te može biti u korelaciji sa drugim društvenim negativnim pojavama. Metode koje će biti korištene u izradi ovog rada su: metoda komparacije i analize, metoda analiza sadržaja, metode ispitivanja, odnosno ankete i statistička metoda.In Bosnia and Herzegovina due to traditional national roots of gender stereotypes in the social and cultural structure of BiH society, perceives domestic violence as a corrective measure and the matter of private life. The problem of domestic violence thus regenerates and continues due to the denial and silence of most members of the society, as well as the unsystematic and inconsistent approach to this problem of relevant state institutions. One of the key problems is the lack of systematically collected and available data on the number of cases of domestic violence, which would then be used to raise awareness of the public and state authorities about this problem and the need for its urgent resolution. Regardless of the relatively satisfactory legal framework in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the lack of adequate application in practice prevents effective protection and does not provide security to the injured parties, or victims of domestic violence. For these reasons, there is a certain level of lack of confidence in the work of the relevant safeguards, which is why a large number of victims shy away from reporting an act of violence against them. A large number of those victims who report violence, in many cases, use their right not to testify against the perpetrators, thus creating a vicious circle of violence. During the research, the legal aspects of domestic violence in terms of positive law, substantive laws and conventions ratified by Bosnia and Herzegovina, under the Istanbul Convention, were also addressed. The States Parties to the Convention are committed to the implementation of its provisions, which in some cases requires the adoption of new laws and the provisions of the existing laws in a given country. According to the research results of this paper, the biggest problem of domestic violence is the non-reporting of violence by the victim of violence, and the inadequate response of the relevant institutions towards needs of the victim of violence. It is necessary to point out perceived shortcomings, in order to contribute to the prevention of creating a "vicious circle", where society did not provide adequate help for the victim in time. Therefore there is a possibility that the victim later becomes the abuser or perpetrator of violence, ie perpetrator of violence can develop the attitude that violence is acceptable and can be correlated with other negative social phenomenon. The methods that will be used in the preparation of this work are: method of comparison and analysis, method of content analysis, test methods, that is, surveys and statistical metho