CO2 mitigation accounting for Thermal Energy Storage (TES) case studies

According to the IPCC, societies can respond to climate changes by adapting to its impacts and by mitigation, that is, by reducing GHG emissions. No single technology can provide all of the mitigation potential in any sector, but many technologies have been acknowledged in being able to contribute to such potential. Among the technologies that can contribute in such potential, Thermal Energy Storage (TES) is not included explicitly, but implicitly as part of technologies such as energy supply, buildings, and industry. To enable a more detailed assessment of the CO2 mitigation potential of TES across many sectors, the group Annex 25 "Surplus heat management using advanced TES for CO2 mitigation" of the Energy Conservation through Energy Storage Implementing Agreement (ECES IA) of the International Energy Agency (AEI) present in this article the CO2 mitigation potential of different case studies with integrated TES. This potential is shown using operational and embodied CO2 parameters. Results are difficult to compare since TES is always designed in relation to its application, and each technology impacts the energy system as a whole to different extents. The applications analyzed for operational CO2 are refrigeration, solar power plants, mobile heat storage in industrial waste heat recovery, passive systems in buildings, ATES for a supermarket, greenhouse applications, and dishwasher with zeolite in Germany. The paper shows that the reason for mitigation is different in each application, from energy savings to larger solar share or lowering energy consumption from appliances. The mitigation potential dues to integrated TES is quantified in kg/MWh energy produced or heat delivered. Embodied CO2 in two TES case studies is presented, buildings and solar power plants. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.PIRSES-GA-2013-610692 Seventh Framework Programme 0327383B BES-2012-051861, ENE2011-22722, ENE2011-28269-C03-02The work was partially funded by the Spanish government (project ENE2011-22722 and ENE2011-28269-C03-02). The authors would also like to thank the Catalan Government for the quality accreditation given to their research group GREA (2014 SGR 123) and DIOPMA (2014 SGR 1543). Laia Miró would like to thank the Spanish Government for her research fellowship (BES-2012-051861). The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n° PIRSES-GA-2013-610692 (INNOSTORAGE). The work of ZAE Bayern in the development of the mobile sorption heat storage was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology under the project code 0327383B. ZAE Bayern thanks the Bosch-Siemens-Hausgeräte GmbH for the fruitful collaboration in the development of a sorption storage for dishwashers