Possibilities of using the different furrow management techniques for irrigation of cotton under harran plain (southeastern anatolia project area) condition

in this study, different furrow irrigation management techniques for irrigation of cotton under harran plain conditions were tested on furrow with 0,7 m width and 160 m length for deetermining the irrigation performances. irrigation water was applied either under the free drainage conditions or pounded in the furrows. while irrigation water was applied with pulses during the advance thases in some treatments (surge flow), flow rate was decreased (cutback irrigation) or the tail water was used during the storage phases (tail water re-use systems) in the others. in some furrows, alternate flow techniques were used throughout irrigation season. in these furrows, irrigation water consecutively applied to one side of cotton row. applications were done on 10-14 days intervals. according to the results, maximum irrigation water was applied to the furrows with open end (fef=1541 mm), and the minimum water was received by the alternate pounded furrows (beaif= 584 mm). in tail water re-use furrow, 25 percent of runoff was reused for irrigation. during the advance phases. surging or using high flow rate accelerated the water advance. advance of water in surge flow furrow (sff) was 22-27% faster than that in the continuous furrow (fef). the maximum application efficiency of 94 and 89% was obtained from pounded or blocked end furrow (bef) and alternate pounded furrows (beaif), respectively. in these managements, however, the highest percolation losses of 21% and 56% were measured. surging increased runoff losses compared to other application manners. from surge flow, 38-40 percent of runoff losses were obtained. the minimum runoff losses (15%) occurred in tail water reuse furrows (twrf) among the open-end furrows. the other performance components such as ea, ei, er,ucc, and du measured in the different management options were determined to be high and within acceptable levels