Deformation of yarn cross-section in relation to yarn structure

An apparatus is described which imitates the yarn deformation typically occurring in most textile processes, especially where a yarn passes around small diameter rods under tension. With this apparatus, a yarn specimen is suspended cross-wise over a horizontal rod, tension is then applied to the ends of the yarn and the changes in both major and minor diameters of the deformed yarn cross-section are measured. A series of experiments using filament, ring-spun and open-end spun yarns was carried out in order to determine the effect of yarn structure on the deformation of the yarn cross-section