Resistance of winter wheat to Heterodera flipjevi in Turkey

Cereal cyst nematodes (CCNs) are plant parasites that signifcantly limit global cereal production. Te most frequently reported pathogenic species are Heterodera avenae , H. flipjevi, and H. latipons. One of the most cost-efective, environmentally friendly, and easily adopted control measures is the use of genetic host resistance, which maintains nematode populations below the economic damage threshold level. Many efective sources of resistance to CCNs have been identifed in cereals; however, their efectiveness and usefulness is dependent on the interaction of the specifc putative resistant accession and the CCN pathotype found in a specifc region. In this study, 719 wheat lines from the Facultative and Winter Wheat Observation Nurseries, representing a broad geographical spectrum of breeding lines and varieties from Europe, Central Asia, and the International Winter Wheat Improvement Program, were screened against H. flipjevi under controlled conditions. Te results indicated that 114 and 90 genotypes were ranked resistant and moderately resistant, representing 15.8% and 12.5% of the screened genotypes, respectively. Te frequency of resistant genotypes observed in the germplasms varied signifcantly among the diferent original countries and was the highest for genotypes that originated from Bulgaria (59.3%). From those phenotyped germplasms, a set of 289 lines was genotyped to understand if resistance sources are located at the same site or originate from diferent locations in the genome.Cereal cyst nematodes (CCNs) are plant parasites that signifcantly limit global cereal production. Te most frequently reported pathogenic species are Heterodera avenae , H. flipjevi, and H. latipons. One of the most cost-efective, environmentally friendly, and easily adopted control measures is the use of genetic host resistance, which maintains nematode populations below the economic damage threshold level. Many efective sources of resistance to CCNs have been identifed in cereals; however, their efectiveness and usefulness is dependent on the interaction of the specifc putative resistant accession and the CCN pathotype found in a specifc region. In this study, 719 wheat lines from the Facultative and Winter Wheat Observation Nurseries, representing a broad geographical spectrum of breeding lines and varieties from Europe, Central Asia, and the International Winter Wheat Improvement Program, were screened against H. flipjevi under controlled conditions. Te results indicated that 114 and 90 genotypes were ranked resistant and moderately resistant, representing 15.8% and 12.5% of the screened genotypes, respectively. Te frequency of resistant genotypes observed in the germplasms varied signifcantly among the diferent original countries and was the highest for genotypes that originated from Bulgaria (59.3%). From those phenotyped germplasms, a set of 289 lines was genotyped to understand if resistance sources are located at the same site or originate from diferent locations in the genome