Both France and Germany have taken into account the issue of the equal access of women and men to political functions, leading to the adoption of positive actions. However, in France, because of the Constitutional Council’s opposition against sex quotas in 1982, the constituent assembly intervened in 1999 to introduce within the Constitution the objective of equal access. It has based this reform on a register of justification specifically adapted to the French context, through the reference to the concept of “ parity”. On the contrary, in Germany, sex quotas have been spontaneously adopted by the political parties, so that these measures have been more effective than in France. Thus, a constitutional or legislative intervention has not bee...
The voting rights of the women in the federal votings has been tardily adopted — 1977 —. Despite the...
Since 1974 in France, a government body has been in charge of feminist issues: the Condition of Wome...
In 1999 and 2000 the French parliament passed a constitutional revision and a set of legislation wit...
Both France and Germany have taken into account the issue of the equal access of women and men to po...
To what extent do parity laws in France express the myth of the French exception ?In 2000, France wa...
Following the adoption by international institutions of the legal instruments inviting States partie...
À la suite de l’adoption par les institutions internationales des instruments juridiques invitant le...
The integrated approach to equality has, since the early 2000s, been the basis of all gender equalit...
The adoption of the gender parity laws (1999, 2000) stands as an enigma: when it appeared in France ...
Initially formulated and promoted by German and French environmentalists and feminists, the Council ...
A large number of countries in the world have implemented policies designed to advance the political...
Once a country allergic to any type of preferential treatment or quota measure for women, France has...
More than 10 years after the strategic alliance in 1996 between women politicians on the right and l...
The law “aiming at favoring women and men’s equal access to terms of office and elective positions” ...
In 1999, France, after a long and dragging debate, revised its Constitution in order to enable the i...
The voting rights of the women in the federal votings has been tardily adopted — 1977 —. Despite the...
Since 1974 in France, a government body has been in charge of feminist issues: the Condition of Wome...
In 1999 and 2000 the French parliament passed a constitutional revision and a set of legislation wit...
Both France and Germany have taken into account the issue of the equal access of women and men to po...
To what extent do parity laws in France express the myth of the French exception ?In 2000, France wa...
Following the adoption by international institutions of the legal instruments inviting States partie...
À la suite de l’adoption par les institutions internationales des instruments juridiques invitant le...
The integrated approach to equality has, since the early 2000s, been the basis of all gender equalit...
The adoption of the gender parity laws (1999, 2000) stands as an enigma: when it appeared in France ...
Initially formulated and promoted by German and French environmentalists and feminists, the Council ...
A large number of countries in the world have implemented policies designed to advance the political...
Once a country allergic to any type of preferential treatment or quota measure for women, France has...
More than 10 years after the strategic alliance in 1996 between women politicians on the right and l...
The law “aiming at favoring women and men’s equal access to terms of office and elective positions” ...
In 1999, France, after a long and dragging debate, revised its Constitution in order to enable the i...
The voting rights of the women in the federal votings has been tardily adopted — 1977 —. Despite the...
Since 1974 in France, a government body has been in charge of feminist issues: the Condition of Wome...
In 1999 and 2000 the French parliament passed a constitutional revision and a set of legislation wit...