TOLERANSI BERAGAMA DALAM PRAKTIK PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI : Studi semi-etnografi pada sebuah TK Swasta Nasional di Kota Pontianak

Toleransi sepertinya adalah nilai mutlak yang harus dimiliki oleh masyarakat beragam agama dan budaya. Namun terkadang konflik terjadi antar keberagaman tersebut tidak terelakkan. Termasuk dalam pendidikan anak usia dini khususnya sekolah nasional diduga memiliki potensi konflik, karena peserta didiknya berasal dari latar identitas yang beragam. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan menyelidiki praktik toleransi beragama dalam pendidikan anak usia dini, agar tergambar secara jelas kondisi layanan dan hubungan antar manusia yang beragam di dalamnya. Sehingga dengan adanya gambaran toleransi beragama di pendidikan anak usia dini dari riset ini dapat memberikan kontribusi keilmuan terhadap praktik toleransi beragama dalam anak usia dini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Data dihimpun selama kurang lebih 5 bulan di hari aktif proses belajar melalui observasi, wawancara dengan partisipan guru dan orang tua. Analisis data menggunakan pendekatan grounded theory konstruktif. Data dikoding secara terbuka, kemudian dengan literatur koding data difokuskan hingga memperoleh makna teoritis. Teori multikultural digunakan sebagai rujukan literatur dan kerangka berpikir untuk mendalami data dan membahasnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan toleransi beragama di praktik pendidikan anak usia dini di antaranya: (1) Toleransi dalam layanan pendidikan anak usia dini cenderung berjalan berdasarkan asumsi ; (2) terjadi relasi kuasa yang cenderung berat pada pandangan mayoritas, sehingga mengelompokkan minoritas sebagai Liyan; (3) Sekolah Nasional berpotensi sebagai tempat anak mengenal keberagaman, memfasilitasi konsep agama yang berbeda, dan terdapat negosiasi identitas partisipan dalam bertoleransi agama dalam pendidikan anak usia dini. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut direkomendasikan agar kurikulum dengan nilai multikultur dapat hadir agar keberagaman yang ada di sekolah nasional dapat dimaksimalkan potensinya dan mempererat dialog antar sekolah dan orang tua. Manfaat bagi penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan penelitian ini dapat memberikan sumbangan pengetahuan terhadap isu toleransi beragama di pendidikan anak usia dini, sehingga pengembangan riset mendatang dapat memberikan gambaran yang lebih luas terhadap keberagaman di pendidikan anak usia dini. ;---Tolerance is an absolute value that have to be owned by a diverse religious and cultural community. However, sometimes conflict occurs between those diversities which cannot be avoided, including in the early childhood education especially national school is allegedly has potential conflict because the participants of the education come from a diverse identity and background. Therefore, this study is intended to investigate the practice of religious tolerance in early childhood education in order to clearly describe the various conditions of service and human relations in it. So with the description of religious tolerance in early childhood education can provide scientific contributions to the practice of religious tolerance in education. This study is qualitative with ethnographic approach. Data was collected for 5 months more or less in the active day of learning process through observation and interview with the participants which consist of teachers and parents. Data analysis used the approach of constructive grounded theory. The data is decoded openly then with the literature data coding focused until obtain theoretical meaning. Multicultural theory was used as literature reference and theoretical framework to understand and discussed the data. The result of the study shows the religious tolerance in the practice of early childhood education among others are: (1)Tolerance in the service of early childhood education tend to run based on assumption; (2) it occurs power relations that tend to be heavy on the majority view; (3) National School has potential as a place fro children to know and understand about diversity, facilitate the difference in religious concept, and there is negotiation of the identity of the participant in religious tolerance of early childhood education. Based on the findings, it is suggested that the curriculum with multicultural value can be given in order that the diversity that exist at national school can be maximized its potential and strengthen the dialogue between school and parents. The benefits for the future research is expected this study can give scientific contributions toward the issue of religious tolerance in early chidhood education so that the development of the future research can provide broader picture on the diversity in early chidhood education