Ovarian cancer and the role of oncology nurse in cancer patient care

Rak jajnika po učestalosti čini čak 4% zloćudnih bolesti koje se javljaju u žena. Istraživanjima se zaključilo da je pojavnost raka jajnika puno veća u razvijenim zemljama nego u onim koje to nisu te da se rizik od oboljenja povećava sa starosnom dobi žene. Utvrđeno je da je najveći problem ove dijagnoze njeno kasno otkrivanje, točnije patogeneza, kao i svi čimbenici rizika za razvoj bolesti nisu do kraja poznati. Ženski su spolni organi ustrojeni tako da ženi omogućuju začetak i razvoj zametka te rođenje djeteta. Jajnici su, kao i svaki organ, vrlo bitni u ženinom spolnom sustavu pa se sve više povećava zainteresiranost zdravstva za pronalazak načina prevencije i što ranije otkrivanje ove bolesti. Početni su simptomi osjećaj napuhanosti, lagani bolovi, nelagoda u trbuhu i osjećaj punoće u trbuhu. Oni bi trebali biti crveno svijetlo za posjet ginekologu, no nažalost, većina će žena zanemariti navedene simptome te ih pripisati nekoj drugoj prolaznoj bolesti. Malignomi su najčešći kod žena koje su između 40 i 65 godina starosti te razlikujemo nekoliko skupina tumora, uključujući epitelni tumor, tumori spolnih stanica, novotvorevine specijalizirane strome jajnika i metastatski tumori. Kao i kod svake bolesti, tako i kod raka jajnika postoje čimbenici rizika koji mogu povećati ili smanjiti vjerojatnost nastanka raka. Rađanje, dojenje te oralna kontracepcija smanjuju vjerojatnost pojave bolesti, dok žene koje uzimaju lijekove za poticanje ovulacije imaju veću vjerojatnost nastanka bolesti nego one koje ih nisu koristile, a neplodne su. Medicinska je sestra vrlo važan faktor tijekom dijagnostike i liječenja onkoloških pacijenata. Tijekom cijelog procesa provede najviše vremena s njim što znači da je visoko stručna, moralno kvalitetna te ima visok stupanj empatije za pacijenta i njegovu obitelj. Uključuje ga u sve terapijske postupke, educira ga o zdravstvenoj njezi te prva uočava nastanak novih simptoma ili pogoršanje već postojećih. Medicinska je sestra također na raspolaganju cijeloj obitelji, odgovara na njihova pitanja i nejasnoće jer karcinom nije bolest jedne osobe već je bolest svih ljudi koju ju okružuju.Ovarian cancer makes up 4% of the malignant diseases in women. Research shows that occurrence of ovarian cancer is more common in the developed countries (as opposed to the nondeveloped countries), and that the risk of getting it increases with woman's age. It has been proven that main problem of the diagnosis is the late detection, specifically pathogenesis, and the fact that not all the risk factors for developing the illness are known. Female genital organs are formed in a way that allows conceiving, developing the embryo and giving birth to a baby. Just as other organs, ovaries too are extremly important in a female reproductive system which is why the health care has been increasingly interested in trying to find the ways of discovering the cancer sooner and preventing it. The initial symptoms include light pain, stomach discomfort, feeling bloated and feeling full. While those should act as the red light for visiting s gynecologist. Most woman unfortunately ignore the symptoms and think of them as belonging to another, temporary illness. Malignoms are the most common in woman between the ages 40 and 60, and one can differentiate between plenty tumor groups, such as epithel tumors, germ cell tumors, sex cord-stromal tumors and metastatic tumors. As with every disease, there are risk factors that can increase or decrease the probability of developing ovarian cancer. Giving birth, nursing and oral contraceptives decrease the probability of getting cancer (compared to those woman who are infertile and don't use fertility drugs). A nurse is an extremely important factor during the process of diagnosing and treating oncological patients. She is a highly competent and moral person with high level of emathy for the patient and his family as she is the one who spends the most time with patient during the entire process. She inculdes the patient in all the therapeutic procedures, educates him or her on the health care and spots new symptoms emerging or the existing symptoms worsening. Also, the nurse is available to the whole family and answer their questions as cancer is not an illness that affects only one person, but also all of those who surround him or her