Childbirth at home

Trudnoća nastaje oplodnjom zrele jajne stanice, a nastavlja se njenim usađivanjem u endometrij maternice. Prilikom prvog pregleda kod liječnika ginekologa i potvrde trudnoće određuje se termin poroda. Trudnoća traje 280 dana, ili 40 tjedana ili 10 lunarnih mjeseci (9 kalendarskih mjeseci). Tijelo svake trudnice kroz vrijeme trudnoće prolazi kroz razne hormonalne i fiziološke promjene. Najznačajniji hormoni u trudnoći su humani korionski gonadotropin (HCG) i humani placento laktogen (HPL), oni pomažu u održavanje uredne trudnoće. Porod je proces kojim se rodilja oslobađa pet elemenata ploda. Odvija se u četiri faze, odnosno četiri porodna doba, a to su doba otvaranja, doba rađanje čeda, doba rađanja posteljice i doba hemostaze. U Republici Hrvatskoj porod u rodilištu je najčešći i smatra se najsigurnijim načinom poroda za ženu. Proces poroda je individualan te se smatra da bi žena trebala imati mogućnost biranja poroda i mjesta koje bi njoj najviše odgovaralo. Zakonske regulacije poroda kod kuće u Hrvatskoj još uvijek nisu dovoljno razvijene. Ne postoje detaljni postupci za porod kod kuće, kao ni pravilna edukacija i licenciranje osoblja za samostalno provođenje poroda. Samim time što zakoni nisu doneseni problematika poroda kod kuće obuhvaća stručne, pravne i sociološke aspekte. U rodilištima porod je u većini slučajeva ograničen na krevet ili stolčić. Kod poroda kod kuće rodilja je u poznatoj sredini, ima mogućnost biranja, primjerice poroda u vodi koji nije moguć u svim rodilištima u Republici Hrvatskoj. Tijekom izrade rada provedeno je istraživanje s ciljem dobivanja uvida u informiranost žena na temu poroda kod kuće. U istraživanju koje je provedeno putem interneta na stranici „Međimurske mame i trudnice“ sudjelovalo je ukupno 140 sudionica. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da majke i trudnice u Međimurju jesu upoznate sa porodom kod kuće, te se o njemu najviše informiraju putem interneta. Kod biranja načina poroda najviše sudionica biralo bi porod u rodilištu jer njega smatraju najsigurnijim, dok porod kod kuće ne bi odabrale najviše zbog straha lošeg ishoda poroda.Pregnancy occurs through fertilization of a mature egg, and continues with its implantation in the uterine endometrium. At the first examination with gynecologist and after pregnancy confirmation, the term of birth is determined. The pregnancy lasts 280 days, or 40 weeks or 10 lunar months (9 calendar months). The body of each pregnant woman undergoes various hormonal and physiological changes. The most important hormones in pregnancy are humanic chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and human placental lactogen (HPL), they help to maintain a healthy pregnancy. Childbirth is the process by which woman in labor is releasing five elements of fetus. It happens in four stages of birth, which are stage of early labor and active labor, second stage the birth of baby, third stage delivery of the placenta and last stage, stage of homeostasis (recovery). In the Republic of Croatia childbirth in hospital is the most common and considered the safest way of giving birth for a woman. The childbirth process is individual and is considered that woman should be able to choose the childbirth and place that suits her best. Legal regulations for home birth in Croatia are still very underdeveloped. There are no detailed procedures for giving birth at home, as well as no proper education and licesing of staff in independent delivery of a baby. The mere absence of laws are also making problems in professional, legal and sociological aspect. In hospitals, delivery is in most cases limited to a bed or stool. In home birth woman is in familiar enviroment, which gaves her option of choosing, for example water birth, which is not common in all hospitals in Republic of Croatia. During the writing of this paper, a research was conducted to gain insight into woman's awerness on the topic of childbirth at home. In research that was conducted online on the site of “Međimurkse mame i trudnice” a total of 140 respondents participated. The results show that mothers and pregnant women in Međimurje are familiar with childbirth at home and are mostly informed about it through the internet. When choosing the method of delivery, most respondents would choose hospital delivery because they consider it the safest way, while they would not choose home birth because of fear about the outcome of delivery