Nutrition of newborn and infants

Prehrana novorođene djece i dojenčadi u središtu je pozornosti brojnih znanstvenih i strukovnih tijela, a s medicinskog stajališta predstavlja jedno od ključnih javnozdravstvenih pitanja. Smatra se, a i brojnim je istraživanjima dokazano kako je prehrana novorođene djece i dojenčadi majčinim mlijekom najprirodnija, a sastav majčinog mlijeka mijenja se usporedno s rastom i razvojem djece. Osim što ima svoju prehrambenu funkciju, majčino mlijeko zbog svojeg sastava djeluje preventivno i štiti dijete od nepovoljnih utjecaja okoline te djeluje na emocionalni, kognitivni i fizički razvoj djece. Uz to što je namijenjeno prehrani djece, dojenje ima pozitivne učinke na majku i njezin oporavak nakon poroda. Prehrana od najranije životne dobi ima posljedice, odnosno odražava se na zdravstveno stanje u kasnijoj životnoj dobi i ima ulogu u sprečavanju nastanka kroničnih bolesti suvremenog doba. Na važnost prirodne prehrane i dojenja nepobitno ukazuju nacionalni i međunarodni dokumenti, strategije i smjernice koje uz ostalo naglašavaju brigu svih društvenih struktura o trudnicama, rodiljama i dojiljama. Tema rada odabrana je zbog aktualnosti i važnosti prehrane za optimalan rast i razvoj od najranije životne dobi. Tijekom izrade rada provedeno je istraživanje s ciljem dobivanja informacija o dojenju, isključivom dojenju, sveukupnom trajanju dojenja te oblicima prehrane koji su ispitane majke prakticirale. Uzorak istraživanja obuhvatio je 219 majki različite kronološke dobi, a podaci su prikupljeni prigodnim upitnikom. Rezultati su pokazali da je većina majki dojila, njih približno 13% dojilo je do 6 mjeseci, a nešto više od 17% dojilo je 6 ili više mjeseci. Isključivo dojenje do 6.-og mjeseca prakticiralo je 5,5% majki. Rezultati provedenog istraživanja ukazuju na odstupanja u praksi dojenja u odnosu na preporuke prehrane novorođenčadi i dojenčadi, a podatak od 90% majki koje su nedovoljno informirane o dojenju može djelomično biti uzrok. Stoga bi planirane edukacije i njezina standardizacija na nacionalnoj razini mogle biti čimbenik za ostvarivanje ciljeva strategije potpore dojenju i isključivoj prehrani majčinim mlijekom.In the main focus of many scientific and professional institution is nutrition for newborn babies and infants. From a medical standpoint feeding is one of the key public health issues. It is also considered, and many studies have shown that for newborn babies and breastfeeding mother-milk is the most natural. So, breastfeeding is only way to promoting healthy life because the composition of the mother's milk changes with the growth and development of children. Beside nutritional function of human breast milk, there are important components that acts preventively and protects the child from adverse environmental impacts. Breastfeeding influence on the emotional, cognitive and physical development of children and has positive effects on the mother and after delivery recover. Care for babies has to start from the earliest stage of pregnancy regardless nutritive input reflects on the health in the later age and has a role in preventing the numerous chronic diseases of the modern age. The importance of natural nutrition and breastfeeding are highlighted by national and international documents, strategies and guidelines that emphasize the care of all social structures for pregnant women, maternity and nursing mothers. This paperwork title was chosen because of the actuality and importance of nutrition for optimal growth and development from earliest ages. For this paperwork, research obtain information on breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, breastfeeding in general and nutrition patterns. The study sample included 219 mothers of different chronological age. The data were collected with a suitable questionnaire created for this research. The results showed that most mothers were breastfeeding, about 13% of them had breastfeeding for up to 6 months, and just over 17% had breastfeeding for 6 or more months. Only 5.5% of mothers practiced breastfeeding until 6th month. The results of the conducted study indicate that there are differences in breastfeeding in relation to the recommendations of nursing and infant nutrition, and that 90% of mothers who are insufficiently informed about breastfeeding may be the cause of this. Therefore, planned education and its standardization at the national level could be a factor in achieving the goals of the breastfeeding support strategy and the exclusive nutrition with mother's milk