Enteral nutrition of patients with percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy

Prehrana i unos potrebnih nutrijenata je osnovna potreba svakog organizma i neophodna za normalnu funkciju svakog živog bića. Problem nastaje ako postoje ograničenja odnosno nemogućnost adekvatnog uzimanje hrane kojom bi se zadovoljile sve energetske potrebe organizma te tako nastaje rizik od razvoja malnutricije. U takvim se situacijama nerijetko pristupa enteralnoj prehrani kao umjetnom načinu hranjenja, a ako je potreba za takvim nutritivnim suportom dugotrajna, valja što ranije postaviti indikaciju za plasiranje perkutane endoskopske gastrostome (PEG) kao jednog od učinkovitog načina enteralne prehrane. To je postupak gdje se posebno prilagođena sonda postavlja kroz trbušnu stijenku izravno u želudac. Indikacije su mnogobrojne, a s obzirom na to da se radi o dugotrajnoj metodi umjetnog načina prehrane, najčešće se implantira kroničnim, neurološkim, onkološkim bolesnicima. Cilj ovog rada jest prikazati važnost adekvatne enteralne prehrane kao glavnog segmenta u prevenciji i liječenju malnutricije. Ponajprije se prikazuju specifičnosti enteralne prehrane putem PEG - a kao najučinkovitije i najsigurnije metode umjetne prehrane što je i popraćeno rezultatima višemjesečnog praćenja nutritivnog statusa i načina hranjenja, kao i kliničkog statusa osobe s PEG – om. U navedenom prikazu slučaja prikazani su i uspoređeni rezultati prije i po implantaciji PEG – a. Visokokvalitetna skrb koja se želi osigurati za pacijenta zahtijeva multidisciplinarni, timski pristup. Uloga medicinske sestre kao aktivnog člana tima je zahtjevna i zastupljena na svim područjima rada, a ponajprije na području nutritivnog suporta s obzirom na to da je ona odgovorna za provođenje istog. Kvalitetnom zdravstvenom njegom smanjuje se učestalost mogućih komplikacija kod osoba s PEG – om i održava adekvatan nutritivni status.Nutrition and the intake of necessary nutrients is the basic need of every organism and indispensable for normal functioning of every living creature. The problem arises if there are constraints or inability to adequately take in food to meet all the energy needs of the organism and thus risk the development of malnutrition. In such situations, enteral nutrition practices are often used as an artificial feeding method, and if the need for such nutritional support is longer-lasting, it is advisable to set an indication for placement of Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) as one of the most effective ways of enteral nutrition. This is the procedure where a specially adapted probe is placed through the abdominal wall directly into the stomach. Indications are numerous, and given that this is a long-term artificial nutrition method, it is most often used in chronic, neurological and oncological patients. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of adequate enteral nutrition as the main segment in prevention and treating malnutrition. In particular, specificities of enteral diet via PEG are presented as the most effective and safest method of artificial nutrition, which is accompanied by the results of the monthly monitoring of the nutritional status and the manner of feeding, as well as the clinical status of the person with PEG. In this case report results were compared before and after implantation of PEG. High quality care to be provided for the patient requires a multidisciplinary, team approach. The role of the nurse as an active member of the team is demanding and represented in all areas of work, especially in the field of nutritional support, because she is responsible for implementing it. A good quality health care reduces the incidence of possible complications in the person with PEG and maintains an adequate nutritional status