Compensating for bulk density effect in permittivity-based moisture content measurements on cultural heritage materials

Dielectric permittivity-based measurement techniques are establishing themselves as attractive solutions for assessing the moisture content of historic masonry materials. The relative simplicity of the measurement principle and the inherent adaptability to diverse operating conditions are two of the most notable features of these techniques. In spite of these specific advantages, however, there are still some aspects that hinder the widespread use of permittivity-based moisture content measurement systems, and make their standardization difficult. In particular, the density of the sample under test may affect the estimation of permittivity, thus possibly leading to inaccurate moisture content measurements. As a result, the measurement system should be re-calibrated even when the same type of material is being investigated (e.g., two samples of the same type of stone, but extracted from different quarries). To circumvent this problem and to fully exploit the potential of permittivity-based moisture content measurements, in this work, a strategy for compensating for the effect of density is addressed. In order to verify the suitability of this strategy, moisture content measurements were carried out on samples of two type of stones typical of historic masonry, namely gentile stone and red-clay brick