Powered two- and three-wheeler safety

Powered two- and three-wheeled vehicles (PTWs) are increasingly popular around the world. They are used for recreational purposes as well as for transportation. The rapid growth in PTW users and their vulnerability to injury entails public safety concerns. This chapter focuses on factors associated with PTW crashes and evidence-based interventions for PTW safety with the intent of providing a general introduction to PTW traffic safety. It begins with some basic information about PTWs including the definition of PTWs, their global distribution, and their usage. The recent trends in PTW traffic crashes are then identified in the second part. In addition, critical factors contributing to PTW crashes and serious injuries are revealed from road users, vehicle, and road traffic environmental aspects, followed by the traffic safety challenges associated with electrical bikes (e-bikes) in China. In the last part, evidence-based interventions that address the safety of PTWs are proposed