Deep learning: A review

Deep learning is an emerging area of machine learning (ML) research. It comprises multiple hidden layers of artificial neural networks. The deep learning methodology applies nonlinear transformations and model abstractions of high level in large databases. The recent advancements in deep learning architectures within numerous fields have already provided significant contributions in artificial intelligence. This article presents a state of the art survey on the contributions and the novel applications of deep learning. The following review chronologically presents how and in what major applications deep learning algorithms have been utilized. Furthermore, the superior and beneficial of the deep learning methodology and its hierarchy in layers and nonlinear operations are presented and compared with the more conventional algorithms in the common applications. The state of the art survey further provides a general overview on the novel concept and the ever-increasing advantages and popularity of deep learning