Moldova's internet revolution: Analyzing the role of technologies in various phases of the confrontation

In recent times we have witnessed the fundamental impacts that information and communication technologies (ICTs) have had on the outcomes of contentious political confrontations. In this paper, we analyze the role played by Internet-based and cellular ICTs in Moldova's Revolution of April 2009. Specifically, we identify what, why, and how technologies were used during various phases of the uprising. Our findings show that: 1) the protesters organized their initial mobilization through social network services (SNS) and short message service (SMS); 2) Twitter was mostly used during later phases of the revolution – the active street protests and the subsequent information war – for communication about the conflict both locally and globally; and 3) through skillful use of new Internet-based ICTs, it is possible to conduct a successful revolution without noticeable prior offline organization. Theoretical and practical implications for the use of ICTs in contentious political environments are also discussed. Highlights ► What, why, and how technologies were used during various phases of the uprising. ► How the protesters organized their initial mobilization using ICTs. ► Twitter was mostly used during later phases of the revolution. ► Successful revolution without noticeable prior offline organization. ► Implications for the use of ICTs in contentious political environments