Srednjovjekovna keramika u Liguriji

Najzapadnija regija današnje Italije je pokrajina Ligurija. Mjesto koje je povezano sa brojnim prostorima, kako preko mora, tako i preko kopna, bilo je od iznimne važnosti za komunikaciju te se na ovom tlu javlja upliv brojnih vrsta i tipova nalaza. Posebice se to odnosi na keramiku. Ovim se radom nastoji ponuditi jasan pregled pronađenih materijala te objasniti njihovo porijeklo kao i proces proizvodnje. Zbog popularnosti različitih stranih, uvezenih oblika, često se javlja oponašanje istih te je produkcija na ovom mjestu obilježena ispreplitanjem lokalne proizvodnje i importa koje je ponekad teško razlikovati. Kako bi bilo lakše prepoznati različite aspekte i razvojne faze, ponuđena je šira slika nalaza koji se javljaju u okolnom prostoru. Osnovna dva tipa keramike koji se općenito mogu primijetiti na lokalitetima jesu fina i gruba keramika. Kod fine keramike se na nalazištima u Liguriji javljaju brojne varijante. S jedne strane su prisutne keramike od pročišćene gline koje ponekad mogu biti obojene ili premazane antičkim vrstama engobe. S druge strane javljaju se keramike s premazima koje se dijele u nekoliko osnovnih skupina, invetriate, ingubbiate i smaltate. U konačnici su obrađene i poveznice koje prostori Hrvatske imaju sa slikom u Liguriji, naime, hrvatske su luke također bile povezane sa Sredozemljem, te je stoga podudarnost određenih nalaza značajna. Unatoč tome što se zbog geografske udaljenosti ne javlja velik broj lokalnih proizvoda, veliki je broj importa koji je prisutan kako na ligurskom, tako i na hrvatskom prostoru.Liguria is a region in the western part of Italy and a place with an immense variety of archaeological finds and various contexts. It is connected to numerous regions through its commercial waterways as well as land routes. The configuration of the terrain in which higher mountains are set away from the coast meant that the communication between various coastal regions could flow easily while the large amount of rivers meant easier access to internal cities. Some of the main harbours are present in this region, active to this day and historically incredibly significant for this region but also Italy in general. Waterways connected Liguria and its cities to the whole Mediterranean. Some of the main influences include regions such as Northern and Northeastern Africa, the Iberian peninsula as well as Western Asia and Southern Europe. Accordingly, there is a great variety of finds in this region, which is greatly influenced by the incoming ware as well as people. Cities such as Genoa and Savona became significant as trading cities, where merchants started setting up their own shops and producing a variety of materials. Influenced at first by the traditions of classical antiquity, the pottery starts appearing in a variety of shapes and sizes. New colours are introduced and the local production starts using the external influences as inspiration. Sometimes the producers themselves are brought over to these cities, in order to teach the local population how to produce a different type of ceramics, now vastly popular in the area. Finally, there is also a connection of finds between the Croatian areas and Liguria. On one hand, Liguria was geographically far away from these regions and therefore the influences from the Italian regions are focused more on the surrounding areas such as Friuli and Veneto. However, there are plenty of finds that the Ligurian cities and Croatian cities have in common. This is because of the great importance and connections that these regions had with the rest of the Mediterranean. The coastal cities of both had a strong trading route and were able to provide their inhabitants with the newest and most popular pottery. While both keep their local production, in which simple production prevails, extraordinary examples of fine pottery can also be found and examined