Development of a Detailed Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis Model of Colliding Trains

011593372005Research ResultsPDFTech ReportRR05-09CrashworthinessFinite element methodImpact testsRailroad carsRailroad crashesRailroad safetyRailroadsSafety and Human FactorsUnited StatesWashington (District of Columbia)United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Railroad AdministrationMartinez, EloyUnited States. Federal Railroad Administration. Office of Research and DevelopmentUS Transportation CollectionA simulation model of a train-to-train collision has been developed using explicit/dynamic finite element analysis (FEA). The ABAQUS/Explicit dynamic finite element code was used. In comparison to other vehicle collision studies, this study is the first in which the interactions of colliding passenger rail equipment have been modeled using detailed FEA. Such simulation models provide several benefits. It increases the capability for vehicle crush modeling to include vehicle-to-vehicle interactions. It also provides a platform for studying the effect of trailing vehicles on lead vehicle crush behaviour. Finally, it provides insight into the modes of deformation and crush forces that were observed in the test. This model has proven to be a useful tool for evaluating the structural effects of a collision and improving the design of cab car end structures so that they can better withstand the extreme forces associated with a collision. The approach used by the Volpe Center included review of the high-speed film, development of Excel-based data and graphics files for direct comparisons to model results, and review of selected data sets to ensure that appropriate comparisons were selected. The finite element model of the two trains was then developed, starting with models that had been previously developed in prior programs for crush analysis of each of the two lead vehicles, the cab car and the standing locomotive. Volpe Center made a significant number of modifications to each of these models and developed new sub-models, defining truck-to-body connections for the cab car and defining the behaviour of the colliding couplers. Volpe Center used lumped mass elements to model trailing vehicles.82