An overview of passenger equipment full-scale impact tests

PDFResearch PaperCrashworthinessImpact testsDummiesCrash victim simulationOccupant dynamicsPassenger trainsRailroad carsUnited StatesUnited States. Federal Railroad Administration. Office of Railroad Policy and DevelopmentTyrell, D. C.Tsai, N. ThomasJohn A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (U.S.)United States. Federal Railroad Administration. Office of Research and DevelopmentAGR-SAFETY AND SECURITY-SAFETY AND SECURITYAGR-PASSENGERS-PASSENGERSAGR-PASSENGERS-AmtrakNTL-RAIL TRANSPORTATION-RAIL TRANSPORTATIONNTL-RAIL TRANSPORTATION-Rail SafetyNTL-SAFETY AND SECURITY-Vehicle DesignNTL-SAFETY AND SECURITY-SAFETY AND SECURITYNTL-SAFETY AND SECURITY-Rail SafetyVolpe National Transportation Systems Center, Technical Reference CenterAs part of the Federal Railroad Administration\ue2\u20ac\u2122s Equipment Safety Research Program, a series of full-scale impact tests are being conducted on rail passenger vehicles. Four types of tests are intended to define the performance of current-design equipment in in-line collisions and grade crossing collisions:In-Line Tests:1. A single-car impact with a fixed wall2. A two-car impact with a fixed wall3. A moving cab-car-led train impact with a standing locomotive-led trainGrade-Crossing Test:4. A single-car impact with a steel coilThe in-line tests are designed to first measure the crashworthiness of a single car, then the interactions of two cars when coupled, and finally the behavior of a complete train. The grade crossing test is designed to measure the crashworthiness of a single car when a steel coil collides with the corner of the lead end of a cab-car. Conventional and improved-crashworthiness equipment are being tested in all four test conditions.While the principal objective of the in-line tests is to determine effective strategies for improved structural crashworthiness and improved occupant protection, a secondary objective is to validate and improve the computer models that have been developed as part of the rail vehicle crashworthiness research. These models are used to validate proposed redesigns of components to be used in future tests.Results from the in-line tests conducted to date show that the force upon impact reaches a high initial peak, and then decreases as the car crushes. The consequence of this decreasing force/crush characteristic is that the structural damage will be focused on the impacting cars in a collision, with very little damage to the trailing cars. Analysis predictions of the crush and decelerations of the cars in the train-to-train test compare closely with test measurements. In the grade-crossing test, the results demonstrated that the improved design standards for corner posts are effective in improving the crashworthiness of cab cars during an impact with a stationary steel coil.A corresponding series of single car, two car, and train-to-train tests are planned for crash energy management equipment