PM Emissions Database Compilation, Analysis and Predictive Assessment: The Pennsylvania State University, GE U.S. Aviation

16409452017PDFTech Report13-C-AJFE-PSU-019Project 024BAircraft exhaust gasesAltitudeCarbonDatabasesEstimatingJet enginesMathematical predictionOptimizationOxidationPollutantsAviationEnvironmentPlanning and ForecastingUnited StatesPennsylvaniaUnited States. Federal Aviation AdministrationVander Wal, Randy L.Pennsylvania State UniversityUnited States. Federal Aviation AdministrationUS Transportation CollectionAviation black carbon (BC) emissions impact climate and health. Inventory estimates are essential to quantify these effects. These in turn require a means of estimating BC emission indices from jet aircraft. The recently developed Formation and Oxidation (FOX) method removes the need for and hence uncertainty associated with (SNs), required of earlier methods in order to predict BC mass. Using the true engine operating conditions from proprietary engine cycle data an improved FOX (ImFOX) predictive relation is developed. Still, the current methods are not optimized to estimate cruise emissions or account for the use of alternative jet fuels with reduced aromatic content. In this project improved correlations are developed to predict engine conditions and BC mass emissions at ground and cruise altitude. This new ImFOX is paired with a newly developed hydrogen relation to predict emissions from alternative fuels and fuel blends. The ImFOX is designed for rich-quench-lean style combustor technologies employed predominately in the current aviation fleet. The model can be applied to conventional and alternative jet fuels at ground and cruise. This new tool can be used to improve BC inventory estimates from the current fleet and will aid in assessing aviation\u2019s BC impact on the environment.75