Design Manual for Permanent Ground Anchor Walls.

1998PDFTech ReportFHWA-RD-97-130DTFH61-89-C-00038AnchoringRetaining wallsStability (Mechanics)AnchoringBeams(Supports)Earth pressureEmbankmentsLateral pressureRetaining wallsSoil propertiesSoil-structure interactionsUnited StatesUnited States. Federal Highway AdministrationWeatherby, D. E.Schnabel Foundation CompanyUnited States. Federal Highway AdministrationUS Transportation CollectionThis manual presents recommendations and guidelines to improve the design and construction of permanent ground anchor walls. The recommendations are based on research performed on two full-scale wall sections, four model-scale walls, 10 large-diameter ground anchors installed in a fine-grained soil, analytical studies, and experience. It focuses on tied back soldier beam walls for highway applications. These walls are generally less than 25 ft high, and they are supported by one or ~o rows of permanent ground anchors. Apparent earth pressure diagrams are recommended for walls supported by one or multiple levels of anchors. Laterally loaded pile relationships that consider interaction between adjacent soldier beams are used to determine the lateral resistance for the soldier beam toes. Recommendations for using limiting equilibrium analyses to evaluate internal and external stability, and to determine the required support load are made. Design examples in coarse-grained and grained soils are provided.79