Comparison of spacing factors as measured by the air-void analyzer and ASTM C457 [Summary]

2015PDFTech ReportFHWA-KS-15-10Concrete pavementsFreeze thaw durabilityAir voidsSpacingTest proceduresSpecificationsKansasKansas. Dept. of TransportationLindquist, WillMontney, RodneyKansas. Dept. of TransportationUS Transportation CollectionFreezing and thawing cycles will result in damage to concrete that is saturatedunless the concrete is properly entrained with small and well-dispersed airvoids. Durable concrete subject to cycles of freezing and thawing musthave an air-void system (in the cement paste) with an adequate spacingfactor, specific surface area, and air content. The Kansas Department ofTransportation (KDOT) places limits on the air content and spacing factor,which is the focus of this report.93