Methodology for Determination of Grade Crossing Resource-Allocation Guidelines

PDFTech ReportDOT-TSC-FRA-75-15FRA/ORD-76/04Benefit cost analysisComputer programsFencesGrade crossing protection systemsHazard analysisHazardsHighwaysIntersectionsLampsPreventionRailroad grade crossingsRailroadsRisk assessmentSafetySafety equipmentTraffic engineeringTraffic safetyTraffic signalsWarning systemsUnited StatesUnited States. Federal Railroad AdministrationHopkins, John B.Hazel, Morrin E.John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, (U.S.)United States. Federal Railroad Administration. Office of Research and DevelopmentNTL-RAIL TRANSPORTATION-RAIL TRANSPORTATIONNTL-RAIL TRANSPORTATION-Rail SafetyNTL-RAIL TRANSPORTATION-Railroad Highway Grade CrossingsNTL-SAFETY AND SECURITY-Rail SafetyNTL-SAFETY AND SECURITY-SAFETY AND SECURITYVolpe National Transportation Systems Center, Technical Reference CenterThe primary objective of this study was to determine the most effective method of reducing emissions of oxides of nitrogen from a two-cylinder version of an EMD series 567C locomotive engine. The NOx control techniques selected for use in this study included (1) change in fuel injector design, (2) variation in injection timing from the standard setting, (3) water induction, (4) air box bleed, (5) exhaust gas recirculation. Continuous measurements of unburned HC, CO, NOx and smoke opacity were made as the test engine was operated through a test cycle based on speed and load points characteristic of actual locomotive operation. Results of these tests are discussed