Investigating Improvements to Pedestrian Crossings with an Emphasis on the Rectangular Rapid-Flashing Beacon

2015PDFTech Reporthttps://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/15043/15043.pdfFHWA-HRT-15-043DTFH61-08-D-00032CrosswalksDriversFlashing beaconsGlareIntersectionsLight emitting diodesMidblock crossingsPedestrian safetyYieldingNorth AmericaUnited States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Safety Research and DevelopmentFitzpatrick, KayAvelar, RaulPotts, Ingrid B.Brewer, Marcus A.Robertson, JamesFees, Chris ALucas, Lindsay M.Bauer, Karin M.Texas Transportation InstituteNTL-HIGHWAY/ROAD TRANSPORTATION-HIGHWAY/ROAD TRANSPORTATIONNTL-OPERATIONS AND TRAFFIC CONTROLS-OPERATIONS AND TRAFFIC CONTROLSNTL-PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLES-PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLESNTL-SAFETY AND SECURITY-SAFETY AND SECURITYFederal Highway AdministrationThe goal of this research effort was to improve pedestrian safety at urban and suburban crossing locations by identifying and evaluating low- to medium-cost pedestrian treatments. The treatments were to have the potential to reduce pedestrian crashes at both midblock and intersection locations. While several treatments were considered during early efforts of this project, later tasks focused on the rectangular rapid-flashing beacon (RRFB). The RRFB has received extensive national attention because of high yielding rates observed at multiple installations, and several studies have found increased driver yielding after installing this device. The key research effort for this study included a closed-course study and an open-road study. The objectives of the closed-course study were as follows: (1) Determine whether the shape, size, and placement of flashing beacons/light-emitting diodes (LEDs) affect sign legibility distances and object detection. (2) Determine driver ratings of disability glare for 8-inch circular beacons and LED-embedded signs using a rapid flash pattern. (3) Identify up to two assemblies for field evaluation to be conducted following the conclusion of the closed-course tasks. The objectives of the open-road study were as follows: (1) Determine whether drivers yielded differently to circular or rectangular beacons when used with a rapid-flashing pattern. (2) Determine to what extent, if any, a driver is more likely to yield to a pedestrian when the rapid-flashing beacon is activated than when it is not activated. (3) Determine whether vehicle traffic volume affects driver yielding