Subsurface Exploration Methods for Soft Ground Rapid Transit Tunnels: Volume 1. Sections 1-6 and References

Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, Technical Reference Centerhttps://doi.org/10.21949/15267171976PDFTech ReportSchmidt, BirgerMatarazzi, BrunoDunnicliff, C. JohnAlsup, StephenParsons, Brinckerhoff, Quade & DouglasJohn A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (U.S.)United States. Urban Mass Transportation AdministrationUnited States. Urban Mass Transportation AdministrationUnited StatesTunnelsTunnelingExcavation and tunnelingSoil mechanicsSurveyingSurveysCut and cover tunnelingRapid transitEconomic analysisCostsThe objectives of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) Tunneling Program are to lower subway construction costs and reduce construction hazards and damage to the environment. Some measure of each of these objectives for bored tunnels and deep excavations can be achieved through a more detailed knowledge of the subsurface and of how changes in soil types or characteristics will affect construction. This study assesses subsurface exploration methods with respect to their ability to provide adequate data for the construction of rapid transit, soft-ground bored and cut-and-cover tunnels.138