Malaria vector surveillance in the context of enhanced vector control in western Kenya

This thesis describes a series of entomological studies designed to assess malaria vector surveillance in the context of enhanced vector control and altered vectorial system. As malaria vector control efforts are scaled-up and supplemented with new ones, vector populations decline, and behavioural adaptations arise that make surveillance by traditional methods and systems difficult and less informative. The first study assessed the impact of indoor residual spraying (IRS) on the local mosquito population and malaria transmission in a region with high bednet coverage and wide-spread pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors. Mosquito collections were performed by pyrethrum spray catch (PSC), light trap and human landing collection (HLC). Secondly, a comparison of mosquito surveillance by supervised entomology teams and community-based sampling approach was performed in a region with low mosquito numbers and high bednet coverage. The last study evaluated a novel sampling tool, Host decoy trap (HDT), for collection of outdoor host-seeking mosquitoes. IRS was associated with 88% (p<0.001) and 93% (p