The rise and development of ancient Maya societies in the tropical forests of the Maya Lowlands question how these societies exploited the forest, impacted landscapes and adapted to changing environments over three millennia. Wood was indeed an indispensable resource for the Maya, and is therefore a key economic and ecological indicator for understanding socio-environmental interactions over time. This thesis conducts a systematic and diachronic anthracological study of a Maya site to reconstruct firewood collection strategies and to analyze relations between human activities and woodland changes. Naachtun, a Classic period city located in northern Petén, Guatemala, developed over eight centuries (AD 150-950/1000) with non-linear population...