Walsh & Hoyt: Pathways for Accommodation

Bender and Weinstein succeeded in producing ciliary muscle contraction without pupillary constriction by stimulating the caudal portion of the parasympathetic nucleus in the midbrain of the monkey. Jampel and Mindelr-Westphal nucleus and observed first a forward displacement of the iris diaphragm (i.e., accommodation) without constriction of the pupil. At a more caudal level, stimulation produced pupillary constriction without evidence of accommodation. Effect of the ciliary muscle on accommodation. Sympathetic and parasympathetic control of the ciliary muscle. Supranuclear control of accommodation