Walsh & Hoyt: Miscellaneous Tumors of Cranial and Peripheral Nerves

Although most tumors that arise from the cranial and peripheral nerves derive from Schwann cells, certain rare neural tumors originate from other cell types and may produce neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations. Paragangliomas, tumors histologically identical with those arising from the carotid body and glomus jugulare, can affect the vagus nerve or the orbit. Orbital paragangliomas originate presumably from cells associated with the ciliary ganglion and produce slowly progressive orbital signs and symptoms