Anatomy of the Ocular Fundus

A review of normal features of the ocular fundus. Fundus photography using various techniques illustrate anatomic features of the ocular fundus. - Figure 1 : A) Color fundus photograph of the left optic disc and peripapillary retina showing a normal optic disc, retinal arteries, retinal veins, and retinal nerve fiber layer. B) Magnified photograph of a normal retinal artery and retinal vein with a normal arteriolar light reflex. - Figure 2 : A) Color fundus photograph of the posterior pole in the right eye showing normal superior and inferior vascular arcades and macula. B) Magnified photograph of a normal macula and fovea. C) Posterior pole photograph illustrating that the temporal retina is divided from the nasal retina by an imaginary vertical line through the fovea. - Figure 3 : Color fundus photograph of right eye optic disc and peripapillary retina showing a normal optic cup and optic disc with a cup-to-disc ratio of 0.4. A cilioretinal artery is observed in the lower left portion of the photograph. - Figure 4 : A) Color fundus photograph of an optic disc and fenestrations of the lamina cribrosa visible within an enlarged optic cup. B) Color fundus photograph of a normal optic disc illustrating slightly more pallor of the temporal than nasal optic disc (a normal finding). - Figure 5 : Color fundus photograph of an optic disc and a normal finding of a sclera crescent. - Figure 6 : Color fundus photograph of optic discs with examples of various cup-to-disc (c/d) ratios. A-B) Cupless optic discs, c/d ratio 0.0. C-D) C/d ratio 0.4. E-F) C/d ratio 0.5. G-H) C/d ratio 0.7. - Figure 7 : Red-free fundus photograph highlighting the retinal nerve fiber layer in white. - Figure 8 : Fluorescein angiography photographs. A) Normal filling of the retinal arterioles with contrast and normal background contrast enhancement from choroidal vessel filling. B) Magnified photograph from a fluorescein angiogram showing normal filling of a retinal arterioleVBanatomyoftheopticnerve; VPavpretina; VPavpopticnerve; EECanatomyopticnerve; EECopticnerve; EECretina; EXAMfunduscopic; ICcilioretinalartery; ICnormalopticnerve; NOTE-EXAMfunduscopi