Premolar permanent tooth (human, adult; low magnification of labiolingual section)

Stain: Hematoxylin and eosin. From top to bottom: Crown region with enamel-dentin boundary (there is no enamel present in decalcified specimens); dentin (blue-pink) enwraps the whole pulp chamber (light) and here the lines of dentinal tubules appear S-shaped. Neck region at the attachment of the gingiva to dentin (left and right); from the neck region till the bottom a thin layer of cement fixed by the periodontal ligament to the alveolar bone is present (left and right side). Dentin root region as the main part of the tooth where dentinal tubules are more linear. At the bottom pulp canal and apical foramen (passage for alveolar nerve and vessels). Note that the tooth is surrounded by alveolar bone. In the neck region the free gingiva is visible