Jury : Stefan Schmid (rapporteur), Laurent Jolivet (rapporteur), Nicolas Deichmann, Bertrand Delouis, Angelika KaltThe current tectonic regime of the western/central Alps is examined from the compilation of a synthetic database of 389 focal mechanisms. This synthesis reveals the major role of extensionnal tectonics, characterising the whole 'high' core of the belt. The directions of extension are orogen-perpendicular in these areas, while fan-shapped directions of compression are found in external domains, in a general transcurrent mode of deformation (shifted locally to extension or compression).A model of gravitationnal re-equilibration is advanced and tested with finite element numerical modellings, firstly in 2.5D and secondly in 2D (EC...