International audienceThe philosophy of the European Union (EU) energy policy is to conciliate two opposite objectives of common interest : establishing a completely liberalized energy market and at the same time protecting the environment. This postulate leads the EU to promote clean, sustainable and intelligent growth. Energy transition can be considered as the first step of such growth. Thus, it is essential that States stimulate the development of sustainable energy to reach this goal. A good example of conciliation of two opposite objectives of common interest is the use of state aid instruments in competition law to promote sustainable energy. The EU has modernized the rules applicable to State aid in the energy sector in order to pro...