Modified Affinity Laws in Hydraulic Machines towards the Best Efficiency Line

[EN] The development of hydraulic and optimization models in water networks analyses to improve the sustainability and efficiency through the installation of micro or pico hydropower is swelling. Hydraulic machines involved in these models have to operate with different rotational speed, in order that in each instant to maximize the recovered energy.When the changes of rotational speed are determined using affinity laws, the errors can be significant. Detailed analyses are developed in this research through experimental tests to validate and propose new affinity laws in different reaction turbomachines. Once the errors have been analyzed, a methodology to modify the affinity laws is applied to radial and axial turbines. An empirical method to obtain the Best Efficiency Line (BEL) in proposed (i.e., based on all the Best Efficiency Points (BEPs) for different flows). When the experimental measurements and the calculated values by the empirical method are compared, the mean errors are reduced 81.81%, 50%, and 86.67% for flow, head, and efficiency parameters, respectively. The knowledge of BEL allows managers to define the operation rules to reach the BEP for each flow, improving the energy efficiency in the optimization strategies to be adopted.This research is supported by Program to support the academic career of the faculty of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia 2015/2016 in the project "Methodology for Analysis of Improvement of Energy Efficiency in Irrigation Pressurized Network".Pérez-Sánchez, M.; López Jiménez, PA.; Ramos, HM. (2018). Modified Affinity Laws in Hydraulic Machines towards the Best Efficiency Line. Water Resources Management. 32(3):829-844. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-017-1841-0829844323Abbott M, Cohen B (2009) Productivity and efficiency in the water industry. 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