Rigor científico de las plataformas en línea para la visualización 3D del patrimonio

[EN] 3D visualisations –including 3D scans and 3D reconstructions–designed as part of larger archaeology, history or cultural heritage projects are commonly shared with the public through online platforms that were not necessarily designed to host heritage representations and often fail to contextualize them. This paper seeks to evaluate whether five online platforms commonly used today to share 3D visualisations of heritage (Google Arts & Culture, CyArk, 3DHOP, Sketchfab and game engines) offer features that facilitate their scientific rigour and community participation, based on guidelines from International Council on Monuments and Sites(ICOMOS)and United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization(UNESCO). The author starts by summarizing recommendations from 32 international guidelines that are relevant to the 3D visualization of heritage, condensing them into nine key criteria: multi-disciplinary teams, objective-driven methodology and tools, careful documentation, type of reconstruction and level of certainty, authenticity, alternative hypotheses, multiple historical periods, respectful use of the heritage, and community engagement. The author proceeds to review the platforms above comparing their features with these nine recommendations and concludes that, while there are currently available features that could help to elevate the scientific rigour of the 3D visualisations and their contextualization to the public, they are not mandatory and are seldom used. The paper finishes with a recommendation for an information package to support3D visualisations of heritage on public online platforms.Highlights:Online platforms for the 3D visualization of heritage fail to disclose what type of reconstruction it is and its level of certainty, struggling to balance community engagement vs scientific rigour of their contents.ICOMOS and UNESCO recommendations regarding heritage are loosely followed on the reviewed platforms, and supporting documentation is often lacking.Scientific rigour on these platforms could be elevated with supporting textual fields to disclose further information about each visualisation.[ES] Las visualizaciones 3D –incluyendo los escaneados3D y las reconstrucciones 3D–desarrolladas como parte de proyectos más extensos de arqueología, historia o patrimonio cultural, comúnmente se comparten con el público a través de plataformas online que no necesariamente fueron diseñadas para alojar representaciones patrimoniales y que fallan frecuentemente al contextualizarlas. Este artículo busca evaluar si cinco plataformas en línea comúnmente utilizadas hoy para compartir visualizaciones 3D del patrimonio (Google Arts & Culture, CyArk, 3DHOP, Sketchfab y motores de juegos) ofrecen características que facilitan su rigor científico y participación comunitaria, basadas en recomendaciones de las directrices del Consejo Internacional de Monumentos y Sitios (ICOMOS)y de la Organización para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO).La autora comienza resumiendo las recomendaciones de 32 directrices internacionales que son relevantes para la visualización 3D del patrimonio, agrupándolas en nueve criterios clave: equipos multidisciplinares, metodología basada en objetivos, documentación cuidadosa, tipo de reconstrucción y nivel de certeza, autenticidad, hipótesis alternativas, múltiples períodos históricos, uso respetuoso del patrimonio, y participación comunitaria. La autora procede a revisar las plataformas comparando sus características con estas nueve recomendaciones y concluye que si bien existen características actualmente disponibles que podrían ayudar a elevar el rigor científico de las visualizaciones 3D y contextualizarlas al público, tales no son obligatorias y rara vez se usan. El documento finaliza con recomendaciones que podrían acompañar las visualizaciones 3D del patrimonio en plataformas públicas en la red.Statham, N. (2019). Scientific rigour of online platforms for 3D visualization of heritage. Virtual Archaeology Review. 10(20):1-16. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2019.97151161020DHOP(2018). 3DHOP: 3D Heritage Online Presenter. Retrieved September20,2018 from: http://3DHOP.net/contacts.phpAdams, E.(2010).Fundamentals of Game Design.2nded.Berkeley, USA: New Riders.Brunetaud, X., De Luca, L., Janvier-Badosa, S., Beck, K.,& Al-Mukhtar ,M.(2012).Application of digital techniques in monument preservation. 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