Analyzing chemical changes in verdigris pictorial specimens upon bacteria and fungi biodeterioration using voltammetry of microparticles

[EN] It is reported the application of the voltammetry of microparticles (VMP), complemented with attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) techniques, to monitor the deterioration of verdigris pictorial specimens under the action of different biological agents. This methodology would be of application for identifying the type of biological agent causing deterioration of paintings, which is an important problem affecting cultural heritage. The analysis of biodeterioration processes is complicated by the fact that the action of microorganisms can affect both pigment and binding media. The deterioration of pictorial specimens combining verdigris with egg and egg-linseed oil binders by Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus niger, Acremonium chrysogenum, Trychoderma pseudokoningi and Mucor rouxii fungi and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Arthrobacter oxydans and Streptomyces cellulofans bacteria were tested using sample-modified graphite electrodes immersed into aqueous electrolytes. A model is presented to describe the involved electrochemistry resulting in specific voltammetric features for the electrochemical reduction of verdigris associated to the proteinaceous and lipidic fractions of the binders. The experimental results and model proposed have been discussed and compared with those previously obtained for cadmium yellow reconstructed paint film specimens.This work as been performed by members of the microcluster Grupo de analisis cientifico de bienes culturales y patrimoniales y estudios de ciencia de la conservacion (Ref. 1362) belonging to the Valencia International Campus of Excellence. Financial support is gratefully acknowledged from the Spanish "I+D+I MINECO" projects CTQ2014-53736-C3-1-P and CTQ2014-53736-C3-2-P supported by ERDF funds.Ortiz-Miranda, A.; Domenech Carbo, A.; Domenech Carbo, MT.; Osete Cortina, L.; Bolivar-Galiano, F.; Martín-Sánchez, I. (2017). Analyzing chemical changes in verdigris pictorial specimens upon bacteria and fungi biodeterioration using voltammetry of microparticles. Heritage Science. 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-017-0121-x5Matteini M, Moles A. La Chimica nel Restauro. Firenze: Nardini; 1989.Mills JS, White R. 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