Automatic Individual Arterial Input Functions Calculated From PCA Outperform Manual and Population-Averaged Approaches for the Pharmacokinetic Modeling of DCE-MR Images

[EN] Background: To introduce a segmentation method to calculate an automatic arterial input function (AIF) based on prin- cipal component analysis (PCA) of dynamic contrast enhanced MR (DCE-MR) imaging and compare it with individual manually selected and population-averaged AIFs using calculated pharmacokinetic parameters. Methods: The study included 65 individuals with prostate examinations (27 tumors and 38 controls). Manual AIFs were individually extracted and also averaged to obtain a population AIF. Automatic AIFs were individually obtained by applying PCA to volumetric DCE-MR imaging data and finding the highest correlation of the PCs with a reference AIF. Variability was assessed using coefficients of variation and repeated measures tests. The different AIFs were used as inputs to the pharmacokinetic model and correlation coefficients, Bland-Altman plots and analysis of variance tests were obtained to compare the results. Results: Automatic PCA-based AIFs were successfully extracted in all cases. The manual and PCA-based AIFs showed good correlation (r between pharmacokinetic parameters ranging from 0.74 to 0.95), with differences below the manual individual variability (RMSCV up to 27.3%). The population-averaged AIF showed larger differences (r from 0.30 to 0.61). Conclusion: The automatic PCA-based approach minimizes the variability associated to obtaining individual volume- based AIFs in DCE-MR studies of the prostate.Sanz Requena, R.; Prats-Montalbán, JM.; Marti Bonmati, L.; Alberich Bayarri, A.; García Martí, G.; Pérez, R.; Ferrer Riquelme, AJ. (2015). Automatic Individual Arterial Input Functions Calculated From PCA Outperform Manual and Population-Averaged Approaches for the Pharmacokinetic Modeling of DCE-MR Images. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 42:477-487. doi:10.1002/jmri.2480547748742Leach, M. O., Brindle, K. M., Evelhoch, J. L., Griffiths, J. R., Horsman, M. 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