The impact of thyroid dysfunction on cardiovascular risk

Thyroid dysfunction syndromes (hypo and hyperthyroidism) have major impacts on the cardiovascular system. Whilst the short term effects of thyroid dysfunction on the cardiovascular system are clinically obvious and well studied, the long term effects and particularly the size of its effects on the cardiovascular system remain controversial. The author concludes that the effects of thyroid dysfunction on the cardiovascular system are subtle, these effects do not always translate into adverse cardiovascular outcomes, and the magnitude of the effect is proportional to the severity of thyroid dysfunction