The present text is a synthesis of research papers in mathematics, dealing with algebraic geometry, analytic combinatorics and probabilities. The first part is about three-dimensional complex algebraic varieties. It begins with the computation of the singular cohomology of non complete smooth toric varieties under some topological assumption on their fans. Afterwards, we construct a toroidal model for any quotient-singularity, whose computation requires a precise combinatorial study of the action of all finite unitary groups on the projectif plane. The second part develops a "hybrid" adaptation of Darboux's method and of singularity analysis for the coefficients' asymptotic expansion of power series that admit a natural boundary. Numerous a...