GEOTRACES intercalibration of neodymium isotopes and rare earth element concentrations in seawater and suspended particles. Part 1: reproducibility of results for the international intercomparison

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Goswami, Vineet Haley, Brian A. Hathorne, Ed C. Hemming, Sidney R. Henderson, Gideon M. Jeandel, Catherine Jones, Kevin Kreissig, Katharina Lacan, Francois Lambelet, Myriam Martin, Ellen E. Newkirk, Derrick R. Obata, Haijme Pena, Leopoldo Piotrowski, Alexander M. Pradoux, Catherine Scher, Howie D. Schoberg, Hans Singh, Sunil Kumar Stichel, Torben Tazoe, Hirofumi Vance, Derek Yang, Jingjing Lacan, Francois/B-8032-2009; Scher, Howie/C-4927-2013; Pena, Leopoldo/B-8140-2013; Crocket, Kirsty/G-6327-2013 Crocket, Kirsty/0000-0003-2171-3010 NSF [OCE-07-52402]; Marie Curie International Reintegration [IRG 230828]; NERC [NE/F016751/1]; U.S. National Science Foundation [OCE-927285] We would like to extend a special word of thanks to Bob Anderson, Marty Fleisher, and Tim Kenna for being a great team to work with during this GEOTRACES intercalibration. Thanks also to crew and colleagues who sailed on the two intercalibration cruises on the R/V Knorr, and to Greg Cutter, Ken Bruland, and Rob Sherrell for leading the GEOTRACES intercalibration effort. Thermo Fisher Scientific and Gideon Henderson are thanked for providing the unknown Nd isotope and REE standards. Wafa Abouchami, associate editor Peter Croot, and two anonymous reviewers are thanked for providing constructive reviews. Funding was provided by NSF grant OCE-07-52402 to TvdF and KP, and by Marie Curie International Reintegration grant IRG 230828 and NERC grantNE/F016751/1 to TvdF. This paper is part of the Intercalibration in Chemical Oceanography special issue of L&O Methods that was supported by funding from the U.S. National Science Foundation, Chemical Oceanography Program (Grant OCE-927285 to G. Cutter). 14 AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY WACO LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METHOne of the key activities during the initial phase of the international GEOTRACES program was an extensive international intercalibration effort, to ensure that results for a range of trace elements and isotopes (TEIs) from different cruises and from different laboratories can be compared in a meaningful way. Here we present the results from the intercalibration efforts on neodymium isotopes and rare earth elements in seawater and marine particles. Fifteen different laboratories reported results for dissolved Nd-143/Nd-144 ratios in seawater at three different locations (BATS 15 m, BATS 2000 m, SAFe 3000 m), with an overall agreement within 47 to 57 ppm (2 sigma standard deviation of the mean). A similar agreement was found for analyses of an unknown pure Nd standard solution carried out by 13 laboratories (56 ppm), indicating that mass spectrometry is the main variable in achieving accurate and precise Nd isotope ratios. Overall, this result is very satisfactory, as the achieved precision is a factor of 40 better than the range of Nd isotopic compositions observed in the global ocean. Intercalibration for dissolved rare earth element concentrations (REEs) by six laboratories for two water depths at BATS yielded a reproducibility of 15% or better for all REE except Ce, which seems to be the most blank-sensitive REE. Neodymium concentrations from 12 laboratories show an agreement within 9%, reflecting the best currently possible reproducibility. Results for Nd isotopic compositions and REE concentrations on marine particles are inconclusive, and should be revisited in the future