PENYEBARAN PENGARUH DIALEK MELAYU THAI DI MALAYSIA: ANALISIS GIS

Kajian dialek di Malaysia secara tradisional telah banyak dilakukan. Kajian secara tradisional ini telah menghimpun varian-varian fonologi yang ada sehingga terhasilnya   dialek Melayu di Malaysia. Kemudian ada kemajuan dari segi penghasilan isoglos yang dilakar pada peta secara impresionistik melalui kajian dialek geografi. Namun terdapat kelompongan kajian dialek untuk beberapa ketika sebelum kajian dialek dengan aplikasi Geographic Information System (GIS) diperkenalkan. Kajian berasaskan teknologi mampu melakar peta isoglos dengan teknik overlay dan penandaan choropleth bagi varian bunyi dengan lebih tepat. Artikel ini bertujuan menghuraikan pengaruh penyebaran dialek Melayu Thai dengan mengaplikasikan GIS. Kajian dialek ini telah melibatkan negeri Perlis, Kedah Langkawi, Pulau Pinang dan Perak. Kajian bersifat multidisiplin ini akan menjelaskan bagaimana faktor bukan linguistik seperti bentuk muka bumi, migrasi dan sejarah selain faktor linguistik mencorakkan penyebaran dialek ini di utara Semenanjung Malaysia khususnya. Lebih seribu orang responden yang terlibat dengan tiga kategori usia dikenal pasti, iaitu golongan tua (50 tahun ke atas), dewasa (26-49 tahun) dan remaja (15-25 tahun). Responden telah melalui sesi temu bual dan menjawab soal selidik. Sebanyak empat puluh (40) senarai perkataan yang berkaitan kehidupan responden telah dipilih. Hasil kajian menunjukkan memang   terdapat penyebaran yang meluas dialek Melayu Thai di Malaysia. Yang menarikya, dialek yang tersebar bukan hanya dialek Patani tetapi juga dialek Satun terutama di Langkawi dan Perlis. Aplikasi GIS ternyata bukan sahaja mampu melakar isoglos dengan tepat tetapi dapat membuktikan bahawa faktor bukan linguistik menjadi faktor tambahan kepada mengapa tersebarnya sesuatu dialek itu ke satu-satu kawasan.   Kata kunci: Dialek Melayu, dialek Melayu Thai, Geographic Information System (GIS), isoglos, varian fonologi   ABSTRACT Traditional dialect studies in Malaysia have widely been explored. These studies managed to group all the phonological variants which produce various Malay dialects in Malaysia. Then there were progresses in terms of producing isoglosses which were drew impressionistically on the maps in the studies of geographical dialects. However, there were gaps in the dialect studies for some time before the dialect studies with Geographic Information System (GIS) application was introduced. This technology-based study has the ability to produce isogloss maps using the overlay technique and choropleth marking for the sound variants precisely. This article aims to explain the influence for the dissemination of Thai Malay dialects by applying GIS. This study involves the states of Perlis, Kedah Langkawi, Penang and Perak. This multidisciplinary study explains how non-linguistics factors such as geography, migration and history as well as linguistics factors shape the distribution of the Malay dialects in the northern Peninsular Malaysia in particular. More than a thousand respondents were involved who were divided into three age categories namely, the elderly (50 and older), adults (26-49 years) and adolescents (15-25 years). Respondents were interviewed and required to answer questionnaires. Forty (40) word lists related to respondents' lives were selected. The result shows that there is a widespread of Thai Malay dialects in Malaysia. Interestingly, the dialects are not only the Patani dialect but also the Satun dialect especially in Langkawi and Perlis. GIS application has not only been able to accurately reproduce isoglosses but have proven that non-linguistic factors are additional factors that explained the reasons for dialects to disseminate in an area.   Keywords: Geographic Information System (GIS), isoglosses, Malay dialects, phonological variants, Thai Malay dialects   Cite as: Jalaluddin, N. H., Mohamed Sultan, M. F., Radzi, H., & Saari, K. A. (2019). Penyebaran pengaruh dialek Melayu Thai di Malaysia: Analisis GIS [The distribution of Thai Malay dialects in Malaysia: A GIS analysis]. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 4(2), 362-389. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol4iss2pp362-38