The impact of nutritional intervention on dietary changes in adolescents with increased body mass index

Brojne studije ukazuju na izravnu vezu izmeĎu pretilosti u djece i adolescenata i povećanog rizika za razvoj kroničnih bolesti kao što su kardiovaskularne bolesti, dijabetes tip 2 i inzulinska rezistencija. Cilj ovog istraţivanja bio je procjena promjene prehrambenih navika i indeksa tjelesne mase u adolescenata s povećanim indeksom tjelesne mase koji su u skLopu mulidisciplinarnog pristupa liječenja pretilosti bili uključeni u nutritivnu intervenciju. Istraţivanje je trajalo 5 mjeseci i u njemu je sudjelovalo 10 adolescenata u dobi od 14 do 18 godina s područja Grada Zagreba. Procjena promjene prehrambenih navika provodila se za vrijeme trajanja istraţivanja u 3 navrata validiranim upitnikom o učestalosti konzumacije hrane i pića. Rezultati pokazuju kako je došlo do statistički značajnog smanjenja unosa energije (p<0,0001), ugljikohidrata (p=0,002), proteina (p=0,016) i masti (p=0,002) te smanjenja indeksa tjelesne mase kod ispitanika (p=0,008). Na temelju rezultata moţe se zaključiti kako je došlo do statistički značajnog smanjenja konzumacije namirnica iz skupina grickalica i slatkiša (p=0,001), dok u svim ostalim ispitivanim skupinama namirnica nije utvrĎeno statistički značajno smanjenje. Ovakav pristup svakako je utjecao na promjene u prehrambenim navikama i indeksu tjelesne mase, a u budućim istraţivanjima potrebno je utvrditi učinkovitost nutritivne intervencije obzirom na dugotrajnost primjene kao i dugoročnu odrţivost postignutih promjena.Numerous studies have shown a direct relationship between obesity in children and adolescents and increased risk of developing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in eating habits and body mass index in adolescents with increased body mass index, who were included in the nutritional intervention within mulidisciplinarnog approach to the treatment of obesity. The study lasted five months and participants were 10 adolescents aged 14 and 18 years who live in the City of Zagreb. Assessment of dietary changes was conducted in three occasions using validated questionnaire about the frequency of consumption of food and beverages. Results showed a statistically significant reduction in energy intake (p < 0,0001), carbohydrates (p=0,002), protein (p=0,016) and fat (p=0,002) and a decrease in body mass index in the participants (p = 0.008 ). Based on the results it can be concluded that there was a statistically significant reduction in the consumption of food from snacks and sweets group (p = 0.001), while in all other studied groups of foods a statistically significant reduction was not found. This approach certainly has affected the changes in eating habits and body mass index, and future research is necessary to determine the effectiveness of nutrition interventions due to the long duration of the implementation as well as long-term sustainability of achieved changes