ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF OIL TRANSPORT BY TANKERS

U radu su razmotreni ekološki aspekti transporta ulja tankerima. U radu su opisani osnovni zakoni i pravila kojih se treba pridržavati tijekom transporta ulja morem te oprema i uređaji za rukovanje uljima. Navedene su osnovne karakteristike ulja koja se mogu susresti na tankerima te njihov utjecaj na morski okoliš. U radu su opisani najčešći slučajni i namjerni uzroci onečišćenja mora uljem. Zbog potencijalne opasnosti pri prijevozu ulja morem, tankeri se moraju graditi prema posebnim pravilima te je u radu dan prikaz razvoja konstrukcija trupa tankera kroz noviju povijest. U slučaju izlijevanja ulja u more poduzimaju se odgovarajuće aktivnosti za sprječavanje širenja uljne mrlje te čišćenje morskog okoliša i životinja. Na kraju rada dan je prikaz najvećih izlijevanja ulja u more u svijetu.Ecological aspects of oil transportation by tankers are analysed in this paper. Common laws and regulations for oil transportation by sea and oil handling equipment are described. The properties of oils found on tankers are specified as well as their impact on marine environment. In this paper, the most frequent cases of accidental or intentional oil pollutions are described. Due to potential danger during oil transportation by sea, tankers must be built according to special requirements which were subject to change during recent history. In case of an oil spill, appropriate actions are undertaken to prevent the spill from spreading and to remove oil from the environment. At the end of paper, a review of notable oil spills from our recent past is provided